Tackling the challenge of e-waste in air cargo operations

The airfreight industry is embracing the power of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, driven by the surge in e-commerce and the demand for real-time tracking of specialized cargo. Data loggers, temperature control devices, and GPS trackers provide comprehensive visibility and instant updates, benefiting online retailers, consumers, and producers of perishable goods and pharmaceuticals.

Through the adoption of IoT devices, the industry has made significant strides in transparency and efficiency, particularly in reducing losses of perishable and pharmaceutical goods. This commitment is not just a business decision but a testament to the industry's dedication to the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 12.3 (reducing food waste) and 3.8/3.b (ensuring access to safe, quality vaccines and medication).

Tackling the issue of IoT devices' end-of-life

The rapid proliferation of these devices presents a pressing environmental challenge, particularly during their end-of-life stage. In 2022, the world was burdened with a staggering 62 million tonnes of e-waste, a number that is projected to escalate to 82 million tonnes annually by 2030. IoT devices, classified as small IT and telecommunication equipment, contribute a significant 4.6 billion kg per year to this total (7.4%). Alarmingly, only a mere 22% of this e-waste is formally collected and recycled.

In response to this pressing issue, IATA has developed specific guidance Towards Sustainable Management of IoT Cargo Devices (pdf) in collaboration with the Interactive Cargo Task Force. This document offers manufacturers and air cargo stakeholders detailed information on the proper end-of-life management for these devices. It also presents clear recommendations to encourage environmentally responsible practices within the industry, such as:

  • Reducing waste at source
  • Commission LCAs for decision-making
  • Efficient returns for device refurbishment and recycling
  • Accelerating the transition to circular models
  • Enhancing awareness about device recycling processes
  • Adequate disposal of spare parts and batteries
  • Collaborative approaches for device recycling