The handling and especially the build-up of Unit Load Device (ULD) are critical aspects of air cargo operations as they directly impact flight safety, operational efficiency, and overall supply chain performance. Stakeholders along the air cargo supply chain play a pivotal role in maintaining safe and efficient transportation. However, lack of compliance with IATA Standards and proper training for ULD handling build-up remains significant.

This year, IATA has developed alongside the IATA Cargo Handling Council (ICHC), a guidance document on the quality of Shipper Built ULD (SBU) (pdf) and compliance to standards. The intent of the document is to raise safety awareness to air cargo stakeholder involved in the handling and buildup of ULDs, particularly the freight forwarding community. It focuses on the necessity to comply with training requirements and compliance with IATA Standards for the handling and build-up of ULD and, especially, a SBU.

An SBU is a ULD built and prepared by shippers or their agents (such as freight forwarders) rather than by the airlines or their agents. An SBU is typically used to optimize cargo capacity and reduce costs by allowing shippers to pack and build up their goods in a way that is tailored to their specific needs. This paper proposes consistently using “SBU” as the one and-only term for a shipper built ULD for standardization purposes.

A survey conducted in 2023 among ICHC members revealed that the monthly rejection rates for SBU at the carrier domain vary between 2% and over 20% in different regions worldwide. Moreover, according to the data provided by ICHC members regarding SBU performance in June 2023, 33% of the SBU cases reported were related to human errors and nonadherence to standards.

The Need for Compliance

  • Safety First: Compliance with IATA guidelines support safe handling, reduces risks, and prevents accidents during SBU transportation.
  • Efficiency: Properly built SBU optimizes cargo capacity, reduce costs and enhance overall operational efficiency.
  • Industry Alignment: Adherence to standards is aligned with the Industry Master Operating Plan (MOP) and promotes consistent practices across the industry.

Addressing Compliance Challenges

  • Training Programs: Implement comprehensive initial and recurrent training programs for all personnel involved in SBU build-up and handling.
  • Standards Implementation: Strictly follow the IATA Cargo Handling Manual (ICHM) for all aspects of cargo handling (incl. SBU).
  • Safety and Security Measures: Incorporate necessary precautions and security measures to ensure the integrity of the cargo in SBU is never compromised. Ensure safety requirements are met, following existing IATA Standards (e.g., serviceability checks and ULD close-out procedures).

Next steps 

Compliance with IATA Standards is not just a way to ensure regulatory compliance, it is a commitment to safety, efficiency, and industry excellence. By prioritizing compliance and investing in training, stakeholders can create a safer and more reliable air cargo ecosystem. Furthermore, consistent compliance will enhance the industry’s reputation and foster trust among stakeholders.